Basic notes about expressing addition
In expressing addition we use conjunctions to add one statement to another. Some of these conjunctions are followed by a noun while others are followed by a clause (i.e., subject +verb).
Most expressions can be used at the beginning of sentences as well as in the middle.
Examples:
- He studies French and English.
- In addition to French,he studies English.
| Expressions followed by a noun (expression+noun) | Examples |
| – And | – We discussed the cost and the benefits of the project. |
| – Besides (this/that) | – Besides the cost, we discussed the benefits of the project. |
| – As well as | – We discussed the cost as well as the benefits of the project. |
| – Along with | – Along with the cost ,we discussed the benefits of the project. |
| – In addition to | – In addition to the cost, we discussed the benefits of the project. |
| – … not only … but … also … | – We discussed not only the cost of the project but also its benefits. |
| – …. not only … but … as well. | – We discussed not only the cost of the project but its benefits as well. |
| Expressions followed by a clause (expression+clause) | Examples |
| – And | – We discussed the benefits of the project, and we thought about its cost. |
| – In addition | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. In addition, we thought about its cost. |
| – In addition to this | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. In addition to this, we thought about its cost. |
| – Additionally | – We discussed the benefits of the project. Additionally, we thought about its cost. |
| – Also | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. Also, we thought about its cost. |
| – Moreover | – We discussed the benefits of the Project. Moreover, we thought about its cost. |
| – Furthermore | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. Furthermore, we thought about its cost. |
| – Besides | – We discussed the benefits of the project. Besides, we thought about its cost. |
| – Besides this | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. Besides this, we thought about its cost. |
| – What is more | – We discussed the benefits of the projects. What is more, we thought about its cost. |
| – … not only … but … also … | – We not only discussed the benefits of the project, but we also thought about its cost. |
| – … not only … but … as well. | – We discussed not only the benefits of the project but its cost as well. |
Exercise
Rewrite these sentences using the words between parentheses
- The tourist greeted the children. He gave them some candies. (Besides)
- Helen Keller was an outstanding woman. She was very ambitious. (Along with)
- Helen gave lectures at university. She tours the USA to help the poor people. (not only ……. but ….. also ….)
- The doctor examined the patient.He gave her a prescription. (in addition)
- They got there early.They got really good seats. (and)
- Joe made sugar cookies.He decorated them. (too).
- Sarah has a lorry and a car. (In addition to)
- They speak French and English. (Besides)
- Reading is a good way to learn new vocabulary.It can improve your ability to spell words correctly. (Furthermore)
- She will have to make more coffee,and she will have to clean the floor. (In addition to)
- Double Decker buses can move people through dense urban areas.They provide a good view from which to see a city. (In addition)
- The cameras will deter potential criminals.They will help police a lot when a crime is committed. (moreover)
- Swimming alone is against the rules.It is dangerous. (moreover)
- I have a good team.I have excellent working skills. (In addition to this)
- I studied journalism in college.I had a part-time job at a newspaper. (Furthermore)
- She joined the maths and the guitar clubs.She went on a camping trip with the team. (Additionally)
- Smoking is expensive and it is a bad habit. (not only …., but …… as well.)
- The politician is too old and untrustworthy to be a president. (not only ….. but …. Also…. .)
- Students are given too many tests.They don’t have enough free time. (Also)
- Human beings must take care of their environment.They should stop businesses that pollute it. (Besides this)
- The car has four air-bags and an air-conditioner.It has an ABS brake system. (What is more)
